![]() The Ro subtype is most common among African Americans (44%), and because this ethnic group is most likely to develop sickle cell disease, Ro subtype blood is more likely to be needed for blood transfusions. That means your blood type could be A+, B+, AB+ or O+. ![]() You may have the blood subtype Ro (a special marker on your red blood cells) if you are Rh positive. This is extremely rare, occurring in only a handful of people worldwide. A very small number of people have what’s called Rh null blood (also called gold blood), meaning it has no Rh factors at all. For example, some people have A positive blood while others have A negative. And people with an O blood type have neither A nor B antigens.Įach of those types are further broken down based on their Rh factor. Some people have both A and B antigens, giving them AB blood. If you have B antigens, you have a B blood type. If your blood has A antigens, you have an A blood type. ![]() Blood is typed according to an ABO blood group system. Blood types are based on the antigens (or lack of them) found in your blood cells and whether or not your blood contains the Rh D factor. The vast majority of people have one of eight blood types. How many different blood types are there? From typing to transfusing, here’s what you need to know about your blood and your health. Healthy blood is essential for a healthy life. Mixing one type of blood that’s incompatible with another-thanks to things like antigens and Rh factor-can be fatal. If your blood lacks it, you have a negative blood type.Ĭategorizing blood according to type is important for things like blood transfusions, which replace blood that’s lost through surgery, accidents, and bleeding disorders. If your blood contains the Rh D factor-the most prevalent and important of the Rh factors-you have a positive blood type. Blood is further classified by its rhesus factor (aka, Rh factor). These are proteins and other molecules present on the outside of your red blood cells they determine what type of blood you have. Charles Drew.Your blood also contains antigens. Lacking any scientific merit, racial segregation of blood remained the policy of the American Red Cross until 1950, despite the protestations of a prominent African American physician and transfusion researcher, Dr. Isolation of small populations, which led to genetic drift. Racial Differences: Differences in the frequency of blood types inĭifferent populations of humans are presumably due to historical In an emergency, where there isn't time to do a blood type test, knowing who is a universal donor could save lives. Since the plasma (the liquid part of the blood, from which the red and white cells have been removed by centrifuging) of Type AB positive people contains no antibodies, the plasma of Type AB positive donors is universal. Seen as foreign so Type AB positive is the universal recipient. Because red blood cells of Type AB positive have all possible antigens (proteins), none will be ABO Typeĭonors and Recipients: Because the red blood cells of blood Type O negative people contain no proteins thatĬould be rejected, Type O negative is referred to as the universalĭonor. Future pregnancies can be increasingly difficult, as the mother's antibodies attack the baby. (The baby of an Rh positive father and an Rh negative mother can be +/- or -/-.) If the baby is +/-, the first pregnancy causes Rh sensitization in the mother, because she is exposed to foreign proteins and builds up antibodies against them. Rh Sensitization: One interesting medical scenario involves an Rh negative mother who carries an Rh positive baby. People who are -/- do not posess the Rh(D) antigen and test as Rh negative. People who are +/+ or +/- possess the Rh(D) antigen and test as Rh positive. Genotypes for the Rh factor are +/+, +/-, and -/. The Rh factor is inherited independently from the ABO blood type. Rh Factor: The Rh factor, the second most important blood group system after the ABO blood group system, was first discovered in rhesis monkeys. The body produces antibodies that will attack any foreign type. *Type AB is rare and was discovered later.ĪBO Blood Type: An individual's red blood cells will contain proteins of type A, or B, or both, or neither. In 1901, it was discovered that there were three* blood types, A, B, and O, and that mixing blood from different types caused an immune response that resulted in clumping. Blood Type Genetics ABO and Rh Blood Types inĮarly experiments with human blood transfusion often resulted in the death of the patient for unknown reasons.
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